a.

\(A=\lim\frac{\sqrt[3]{n^6-7n^3-5n+8}}{n+12}=\lim \frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{n^6-7n^3-5n+8}{n^3}}}{\frac{n+12}{n}}=\lim \frac{\sqrt[3]{n^3-7-\frac{5}{n^2}+\frac{8}{n^3}}}{1+\frac{12}{n}}\)

Ta thấy:

\(\lim\sqrt[3]{n^3-7-\frac{5}{n^2}+\frac{8}{n^3}}=\infty \)

\(\lim (1+\frac{12}{n})=1\)

Suy ra $A=\infty$

b.

\(B=\lim\frac{1}{\sqrt{3n+2}-\sqrt{2n+1}}=\lim \frac{1}{\frac{3n+2-(2n+1)}{\sqrt{3n+2}+\sqrt{2n+1}}}=\lim \frac{\sqrt{3n+2}+\sqrt{2n+1}}{n+1}\)

\(=\lim \frac{\sqrt{\frac{3n+2}{n}}+\sqrt{\frac{2n+1}{n}}}{\frac{n+1}{\sqrt{n}}}=\lim \frac{\sqrt{3+\frac{2}{n}}+\sqrt{2+\frac{1}{n}}}{\sqrt{n}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}}\)

Ta thấy:

\(\lim( \sqrt{3+\frac{2}{n}}+\sqrt{2+\frac{1}{n}})=\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}>0\)

\(\lim (\sqrt{n}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}})=\infty\)

$\Rightarrow B=\infty$

c.

\(C=\lim \frac{4.3^n+7^{n+1}}{2.5^n+7^n}=\lim \frac{4(\frac{3}{7})^n+7}{2(\frac{5}{7})^n+1}\)

Ta thấy:

\(\lim [4(\frac{3}{7})^n+7]=4.0+7=7\) với $|\frac{3}{7}|<1$

\(\lim [2(\frac{5}{7})^n+1]=2.0+1=1\) với $|\frac{5}{7}|<1$

$\Rightarrow C=\frac{7}{1}=7$

a.

\(\Leftrightarrow na_{n+2}-na_{n+1}=2\left(n+1\right)a_{n+1}-2\left(n+1\right)a_n\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a_{n+2}-a_{n+1}}{n+1}=2.\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}\)

Đặt \(b_n=\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b_1=\dfrac{a_2-a_1}{1}=1\\b_{n+1}=2b_n\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow b_n=2^{n-1}\Rightarrow a_{n+1}-a_n=n.2^{n-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a_{n+1}-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)-1\right]2^{n+1}=a_n-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n\)

Đặt \(c_n=a_n-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c_1=a_1-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right]2^1=2\\c_{n+1}=c_n=...=c_1=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a_n=\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n+2=\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2\)

b.

Câu b này đề sai

Với \(n=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{a_1-1}=0< \dfrac{1\left(1+1\right)}{2}\)

Với \(n=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}=0+1< \dfrac{2\left(2+1\right)}{2}\)

Có lẽ đề đúng phải là: \(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge n-1\) ; \(\forall n\in Z^+\)

Hay: \(\sqrt{\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+1}\ge n-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2n\ge n^2\)

- Với \(n=1\Rightarrow-1+2\ge1^2\) (đúng)

- Với \(n=2\Rightarrow0+4\ge2^2\) (đúng)

- Giả sử BĐT đúng với \(n=k\ge2\) hay \(\left(k-2\right)2^{k-1}+2k\ge k^2\)

Ta cần chứng minh: \(\left(k-1\right)2^k+2\left(k+1\right)\ge\left(k+1\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(k-1\right)2^k+1\ge k^2\)

Thật vậy: \(\left(k-1\right)2^k+1=2\left(k-2\right)2^{k-1}+2^k+1\ge2k^2-4k+2^k+1\)

\(\ge2k^2-4k+5=k^2+\left(k-2\right)^2+1>k^2\) (đpcm)

Do đó:

\(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}>0+1+...+n-1=\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)

c.

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{a_n}{3^n}=\dfrac{\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2}{3^n}=\dfrac{n}{2\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+\dfrac{2}{3^n}\)

Đặt \(S_n=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{a_n}{3^n}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}-\sum\limits^n_{j=1}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+2\sum\limits^n_{k=1}\dfrac{1}{3^n}=\dfrac{1}{2}S'-2+2\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+1-\dfrac{1}{3^n}\)

Xét \(S'=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}\)

\(S'=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{3}{2}}+\dfrac{2}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^3}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}\)

\(\dfrac{3}{2}S'=1+\dfrac{2}{\dfrac{3}{2}}+\dfrac{3}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}S'=1+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}}-\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}=\dfrac{1-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n}{1-\dfrac{2}{3}}=3-3\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n-n\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n\)

\(\Rightarrow S_n=2-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n-\dfrac{1}{3^n}-n\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\left(S_n\right)=2\)

1.

\(\lim (n^3+4n^2-1)=\infty\) khi $n\to \infty$

2. 

\(\lim\limits_{n\to -\infty} \frac{(n+1)\sqrt{n^2-n+1}}{3n^2+n}=\lim\limits_{n\to -\infty}\frac{-\frac{n+1}{n}.\sqrt{\frac{n^2-n+1}{n^2}}}{3+\frac{1}{n}}\\ =\lim\limits_{n\to -\infty}\frac{-(1+\frac{1}{n})\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n^2}}}{3+\frac{1}{n}}=\frac{-1}{3}\)

\(\lim\limits_{n\to +\infty} \frac{(n+1)\sqrt{n^2-n+1}}{3n^2+n}=\lim\limits_{n\to +\infty}\frac{\frac{n+1}{n}.\sqrt{\frac{n^2-n+1}{n^2}}}{3+\frac{1}{n}}\\ =\lim\limits_{n\to +\infty}\frac{(1+\frac{1}{n})\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n^2}}}{3+\frac{1}{n}}=\frac{1}{3}\)

3.

\(\lim \frac{1+2+...+n}{2n^2}=\lim \frac{n(n+1)}{4n^2}=\lim \frac{n^2+n}{4n^2}\\ =\lim (\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4n})=\frac{1}{4}\)

4.

\(\lim \frac{3^n-4.2^{n-1}-10}{7.2^n+4^n}=\lim \frac{(\frac{3}{4})^n-(\frac{2}{4})^{n-1}-\frac{10}{4^n}}{7(\frac{2}{4})^n+1}\\ =\lim \frac{(\frac{3}{4})^n-(\frac{1}{2})^{n-1}-\frac{10}{4^n}}{7(\frac{1}{2})^n+1}\\ =\frac{0-0-0}{7.0+1}=0\)

 Xét câu A, hiển nhiên khi \(n\rightarrow+\infty\) thì \(a_n=\sqrt{n^3+n}\rightarrow+\infty\) nên dãy (a_n) không bị chặn.

 Ở câu C, lấy n chẵn và cho \(n\rightarrow+\infty\) thì dãy (c_n) cũng sẽ tiến tới \(+\infty\). Do đó dãy (c_n) cũng là 1 dãy không bị chặn.

 Ở câu B, ta xét hàm số \(f\left(x\right)=x^2+\dfrac{1}{x}\) trên \(\left[1;+\infty\right]\), ta thấy \(f'\left(x\right)=2x-\dfrac{1}{x^2}\) \(=\dfrac{2x^3-1}{x^2}\) \(=\dfrac{x^3+x^3-1}{x^2}>0,\forall x\ge1\) . Do đó \(f\left(x\right)\) đồng biến trên \(\left[1;+\infty\right]\) và do đó cũng đồng biến trên \(ℕ^∗\). Nói cách khác, (b_n) là dãy tăng . Như vậy, nếu b_n bị chặn thì tồn tại giới hạn hữu hạn. Giả sử \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}b_n=L>1\). Chuyển qua giới hạn, ta được \(L=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}\left(n^2+\dfrac{1}{n}\right)=+\infty\), vô lí. Vậy (b_n) không bị chặn trên.

 Còn lại câu D. Ta thấy với \(n\inℕ^∗\) thì hiển nhiên \(d_n>0\). Ta thấy \(d_n=\dfrac{3n}{n^3+2}=\dfrac{3n}{n^3+1+1}\le\dfrac{3n}{3\sqrt[3]{n^3.1.1}}=1\), với mọi \(n\inℕ^∗\). Vậy, (d_n) bị chặn 

 \(\Rightarrow\) Chọn D.

a) lim = lim = = 2.

b) lim = lim = .

c) lim = lim = 5.

d) lim = lim == .

Chọn C

Chọn C